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вот библиотека чем я пользуюсь
#include "EEPROM24.h"
#include "I2CMaster.h"
#include "SoftI2C.h"

SoftI2C i2c(9,11); // SDA=9, SCL=11
EEPROM24 eeprom(i2c,EEPROM_24LC256);

const int write_protect_pin = 12;
const int reset_pin = 13;
uint8_t in_buffer[128]; // Largest possible page size.
size_t in_buffer_index = 0;
uint32_t dst_address = 0;
int rx_state = 0;
uint32_t timeout = 0;
const uint32_t baudrate = 19200;
uint32_t bytes_received = 0;
boolean busy = false;

void print_hex_char(uint8_t ch)
{
  Serial.print((ch>>4)&0x0f,HEX);
  Serial.print(ch&0x0f,HEX);
}

void print_buffer(uint8_t *p_data, size_t data_size)
{
  for (uint8_t i=0; i<data_size; i++)
  {
    print_hex_char(p_data[i]);
  }
  Serial.println();
}

uint8_t hex_to_bin(uint8_t ch)
{
  if (ch>='0' && ch<='9') return ch - '0'; // 0-9
  else if (ch>='A' && ch<='F') return ch - 'A' + 10; // 10-15
  else if (ch>='a' && ch<='f') return ch - 'a' + 10; // 10-15
  return 0;
}

void reset(void)
{
  digitalWrite(write_protect_pin,1);
  digitalWrite(reset_pin,0);
  delay(5);
  digitalWrite(reset_pin,1);
  busy = false;
  rx_state = 0;
  in_buffer_index = 0;
  dst_address = 0;
  bytes_received = 0;
  timeout = millis();
  Serial.println("waiting for E2Prom.Hex file...");
}

void setup(void)
{
  pinMode(write_protect_pin,INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(reset_pin,INPUT_PULLUP);
  digitalWrite(reset_pin,1);
  digitalWrite(write_protect_pin,1);
  pinMode(write_protect_pin,OUTPUT);
  pinMode(reset_pin,OUTPUT);
  
  Serial.begin(baudrate);
  Serial.println("Elektor Project 130232 Audio DSP Board");
  Serial.println("EEPROM Programmer");
  Serial.print("eeprom ");
  if (eeprom.available()==false) Serial.print("not ");
  Serial.println("found");
  
  reset();
}

void loop(void)
{
  if (busy==true && millis()-timeout>500)
  {
    // Serial port idle too long, consider file transfer done.
    // Write any remaining data to eeprom.
    eeprom.write(dst_address,in_buffer,in_buffer_index);
    Serial.print("Received ");
    Serial.print(bytes_received);
    Serial.println(" characters");
    Serial.print("Programmed ");
    Serial.print(dst_address+in_buffer_index);
    Serial.println(" bytes");
    Serial.println();
    
    // Read programmed data back to serial port.
    Serial.println("EEPROM contents:");
    uint16_t i = 0;
    while (i<dst_address+in_buffer_index)
    {
      eeprom.read(i,in_buffer,8);
      print_buffer(in_buffer,8);
      i += 8;
      if (i%eeprom.pageSize()==0) Serial.println();
    }
    
    // Get ready for a new file.
    reset();
  }
  
  while (Serial.available()!=0)
  {
    busy = true;
    digitalWrite(write_protect_pin,0);
    timeout = millis();
    uint8_t ch = Serial.read();
    bytes_received += 1;
    switch (rx_state)
    {
      case 0:
        if (ch=='x') rx_state = 1;
        else if (ch==0x0d || ch==0x0a) Serial.write(ch);
        break;
        
      case 1:
        in_buffer[in_buffer_index] = hex_to_bin(ch) << 4;
        rx_state = 2;
        break;
        
      case 2:
        in_buffer[in_buffer_index] += hex_to_bin(ch);
        print_hex_char(in_buffer[in_buffer_index]);
        in_buffer_index += 1;
        if (in_buffer_index==eeprom.pageSize())
        {
          eeprom.write(dst_address,in_buffer,in_buffer_index);
          dst_address += in_buffer_index;
          in_buffer_index = 0;
          Serial.println();
        }
        rx_state = 0;
        break;
    }
  }
}

ткни мня носом, где у тебя задается адрес внешней eeprom на шине i2c.

И вроде отвутсвует инициализации шины в I2C. Без этого ничего работать не будет.